Re: Assisted Living as Medical Expenses

Mar 19, 2023 Last reply: 3 years ago 3 Replies

This is a follow-up to a thread that started 23 years ago and a question that wasn’t quite covered by that thread.



My client, a relatively healthy 69-year old single woman jointly owned a condominium with her “significant other” who is 10 years older and has a few health issues. He is not my client. They both moved into two separate, neighboring units in one of our local assistant living facilities. (They plan to jointly transfer into a two-bedroom unit when one becomes available in the future.)



She is in an “Independent Living Unit.” Her entry fee in 2022 was $245,000 (rounded) and her monthly fee is $3,400 (rounded) – over $40,000 annually. The facility’s accounting firm annual audit determined that, based on annual costs, 35% of patient fees are allocated to medical care. The remainder of the fees is allocated to routine housing expenses.



Her personal medical expenses in 2022 were minimal and consisted primarily of Medicare and other health insurance premiums and routine visits to her primary care physician, dentist, and ophthalmologist and prescription medications. In 2022, she needed almost none of the in-house medical services availability at the facility.



I assume only medical costs actually paid in 2022 can be deducted in 2022 and the calculated 35% allocated rate of medical costs is informational but does not allow her to automatically deduct 35% of her entry and monthly fees (35% x $245,000 = $85,750 and 35% x $40,000 = $14,000)?



Does the unused portion of fees allocated to medical expenses in 2022 carry forward and remain available for deduction in future years or is it lost in its entirety?



Thanks.



Michael Bratt AFSP Arlington, VA


>> Any further guidance? I would appreciate any code
> >> references that you may have.
> > The following is from the regulations under Sec. 213:
> Colin, Thank you for the reference
> (v) The cost of in-patient hospital care (including the
> > cost of meals and lodging therein) is an expenditure for
> > medical care. The extent to which expenses for care in an
> > institution other than a hospital shall constitute medical
> > care is primarily a question of fact which depends upon the
> > condition of the individual and the nature of the services
> > he receives (rather than the nature of the institution). A
> > private establishment which is regularly engaged in
> > providing the types of care or services outlined in this
> > subdivision shall be considered an institution for purposes
> > of the rules provided herein.
> I would read this as meaning that an institution does NOT
> have to be a skilled nursing facility, as one poster had
> previously thought.
> > In general, the following
> > rules will be applied: 1.213-1(e)(1)(v)(a) Where an
> > individual is in an institution because his condition is
> > such that the availability of medical care (as defined in
> > subdivisions (i) and (ii) of this subparagraph) in such
> > institution is a principal reason for his presence there,
> > and meals and lodging are furnished as a necessary incident
> > to such care, the entire cost of medical care and meals and
> > lodging at the institution, which are furnished while the
> > individual requires CONTINUAL MEDICAL CARE, shall constitute
> > an expense for medical care.
> SNIP
> The upper case above is my alteration. This seems to be
> indicating to me that "Assisted Living" services that do not
> require CONTINUAL MEDICAL CARE such as the case with most
> "Assisted Living" facilities would not qualify for meals and
> lodging as a medical deduction. This particular facility
> has only "medical assistants" that help administer
> medication, make beds, help with cooking, etc as needed, and
> not necessarily on a day to day basis. Only if the client
> needs the help that day. It is very individualized. The
> director told me there is no RN, LPN, or MD on the payroll.
> Am I being too strict to quiz the deductibility of "Assisted
> Living" expenses? There is no doubt that this client and
> most all of the tenants at the Assisted Living facility need
> help with some form(s) of daily living. Otherwise the great
> majority of them would not be there. But the code seems to
> be biased toward a "nursing home" situation. The fact that
> many of the tenants need periodic rather than continual
> medical care seems very gray to me. If a tenant needed help
> every day with his medications, would that be continual
> medical care? What if the client need help making bed or
> cooking his own meals every day? Is that continual medical
> care?
> As Assisted Living Facilities are popping up everywhere, I
> am sure this is going to become more and more of an issue
> with the IRS. Is there any case law out there? What about
> PLR's?
> In searching the archives I found a post by MBakercpa
> (01/20/99) stating that an individual would qualify, for
> long term care expenses, if they were unable to perform
> (without substantial assistance) at least 2 activities of
> daily living for at least 90 days due to a loss of
> functional capacity. The post went on to state the TRA of
> 97 clarifies this to mean two out of five daily living
> activities.
> Is this a PLR? What are the five daily living activities in
> the IRS's eyes?
> Marie L. Murrell, CPA

I agree with both statements above.

In assisted living situations, the key IRS phrase for identifying whether a medical expense can be added to Schedule A appears to be "chronically ill." The latter phrase appears at many sites.

"Chronically ill individual.

An individual is chronically ill if, within the previous 12 months, a licensed health care practitioner has certified that the individual meets either of the following descriptions:

  1. The individual is unable to perform at least two activities of daily living without substantial assistance from another individual for at least 90 days, due to a loss of functional capacity. Activities of daily living are eating, toileting, transferring, bathing, dressing, and continence.
  2. The individual requires substantial supervision to be protected from threats to health and safety due to severe cognitive impairment."

A couple of the many sites helping people to understand this:

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My take is that a tax preparer is often going to be stuck making a judgment call here. Said call is hopefully defensible should the IRS come knocking at the taxpayer's door.

I would hope tax preparers weigh the cost of their time in researching the details against the tax benefit to the client.

I say no way. Internal Revenue Service publications (and no doubt the IRC) are clear that only medical expenses for 2022 can be counted on Schedule A.

I am just a puny VITA-qualified tax preparer of several years experience. In many situations I feel the complexity of the tax code now forces many VITA sites to make a judgment call: How far into the IRC weeds can they expect minimally trained volunteers to go while still helping as many people (hopefully lower and middle income people in particular) as possible, sparing them the cost of paying someone? What a miserable example we set for taxpayers who want to believe the government is fair to them, when it comes to taxes, but who often cannot confirm the government is.

In a private email, Michael pointed out this section of IRS Pub 502:

Lifetime Care—Advance Payments You can include in medical expenses a part of a life-care fee or “founder's fee” you pay either monthly or as a lump sum under an agreement with a retirement home. The part of the payment you include is the amount properly allocable to medical care. The agreement must require that you pay a specific fee as a condition for the home's promise to provide lifetime care that includes medical care. You can use a statement from the retirement home to prove the amount properly allocable to medical care. The statement must be based either on the home's prior experience or on information from a comparable home.

A few IRS Rev. Rulings exist on the point as well.

Hence for one, a tax preparer may see a client's statement from an assisted living facility that speaks of "life-care fees," paid either monthly or as part of the founder's fee, that may be deductible on Schedule A.

Note that only the non-refundable component of a life care fee identified as medical care is deductible.

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