Classic C corporations pay a corporate tax on earnings and then optionally distribute what is left as a dividend to shareholders. Even with tax reform in 2003 that still introduces a level of double taxation. Is there any type of entity that would be able to distribute all of the net income *as a dividend rather than as ordinary income*?
I have noticed that some public traded companies - typically oil and gas limited liability companies - are able to distribute all of their earnings as a dividend. An example would be Linn Energy (NASDAQ: LINE), which pays out currently over 11% of the share price as a dividend, which I assume would qualify for the 5% / 15% tax rate treatment of qualified dividends under the tax reform of 2003. How are they are able to do pay out net income as a dividend without incurring an additional layer of tax on earnings? Is this privilege something that is industry specific or can it be used by any kind of company to structure net income to be paid out as dividends and bypass tax on ordinary income?