The worker is said to have supplied customer data to fraudsters, leading to a total of 233,000 being taken.
HSBC said it would be assisting the Indian police with their investigation.
"We intend to pursue a conviction as aggressively as possible," said a spokesman for the bank.
Victims reimbursed
The spokesman added that all the affected customers had been contacted and that HSBC would reimburse all funds that had been taken.
The fraud was detected by internal systems at the call centre, which had been in place since 2002.
Following the news, the trade body for the Indian IT and services sector - Nasscom - said it would work with legal authorities, both in India and the UK, to ensure any breaches in security were quickly prosecuted.
"We believe that any case of theft or a breach of a customer's confidentiality must be treated extremely seriously," said Nasscom's vice president Sunil Mehta.